Causes of the Decline of Urdu Qasida Writing

Abstract

The demise of the courtly system led to the decline of the  Qasida  ,because the primary purpose of the Qasida was to flatter, praise, and ingratiate oneself  with nobles and rulers. Poets had turned the Qasida into a means of obtaining rewards and honors. After the War of Independence in 1857 in the subcontinent. People's minds shifted from imperialism towards democracy. Because the British were in power and there were no longer those who could understand or praise the Qasida, which was a major reason for its decline. With the rise of industrial development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the working class began to be seen in a positive light. Political, social, and literary efforts were made for them. Thus, industrial development also contributed to the decline of the Qasida. The Progressive Movement also targeted the genre of the Qasida. The Progressive Movement and industrial development accused the Qasida of being merely a means of earning money and flattery, which led most writers to avoid it. Additionally, the length of the Qasida also contributed to its decline.

Refrences:

1. Jafari, Maulana Jalaluddin Ahmad. Tarikh-e-Qasaid-e-Urdu. Lahore: Nolakshor Kutub Khana, 1962, p. 11.
2. Turkish-English Dictionary. Istanbul: Redhouse Press, 1999, p. 1458.
3. Josh Malihabadi. Diwan-e-Josh. Lahore: Idara-e-Isha'at-e-Adab, 1965, p. 46.
4. Asar, Syed Imdad Imam. Kashf-ul-Haqaiq, Vol. II. Lahore: Maktaba-e-Mu'in-ul-Adab, 1956, p. 195.
5. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. II, p. 796.
6. Balabakki, Raouf. Al-Mawrid: Modern Arabic-English Dictionary. Beirut: Dar al-Ilm lil-Malayeen, 1995, p. 546.
7. Ibid
8. Hali, Maulana Altaf Husain. Muqaddama-e-Sher-o-Shairi. Lahore: Urdu Public Library, 2006, p. 16.
9. Department of Urdu, Aligarh Muslim University. Tareekh-e-Urdu Adab. Aligarh: AMU, n.d., p. 394.
10. Ahmed, Kaleemuddin. A Glance at Urdu Poetry. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1994, p. 241.
11. Asar, Syed Imdad Imam. Kashf-ul-Haqaiq, Vol. II, p. 229.
12. Ibid. , p. 232.
13. Abu Muhammad Sahar. Urdu Mein Qasida Nigari. Lahore: Majlis-e-Taraqqi-e-Adab, 2001, p. 273.
14. Muhammad Kamaluddin. Bisween Sadi Mein Urdu Qasida Nigari. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007, p. 288.
15. Abu Muhammad Sahar. Urdu Mein Qasida Nigari, p. 268.
16. Muhammad Kamaluddin. Bisween Sadi Mein Urdu Qasida Nigari, p. 289.
17. Umm-e-Hani Ashraf. Urdu Mein Qasida Nigari. Delhi: Idara-e-Adab-o-Saqafat, 2012, p. 47.

Bibliography:

Ahmed, Kaleemuddin. A Glance at Urdu Poetry. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1994.

Ashraf, Umm-e-Hani, Dr. Urdu Mein Qasida Nigari. Delhi: Idara-e-Adab-o-Saqafat, 2012.

Asar, Syed Imdad Imam. Kashf-ul-Haqaiq, Vol. II. Lahore: Maktaba-e-Mu'in-ul-Adab, 1956.

Balabakki, Raouf. Al-Mawrid: Modern Arabic-English Dictionary. Beirut: Dar al-Ilm lil-Malayeen, 1995.

Department of Urdu, Aligarh Muslim University. Tareekh-e-Urdu Adab. Aligarh: AMU, n.d.

Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. II.

Hali, Maulana Altaf Husain. Muqaddama-e-Sher-o-Shairi. Lahore: Urdu Public Library, 2006.

Jafari, Maulana Jalaluddin Ahmad. Tarikh-e-Qasaid-e-Urdu. Lahore: Nolakshor Kutub Khana, 1962.

Josh Malihabadi. Diwan-e-Josh. Lahore: Idara-e-Isha'at-e-Adab, 1965.

Kamaluddin, Muhammad, Dr. Bisween Sadi Mein Urdu Qasida Nigari. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007.

Sahar, Abu Muhammad. Urdu Mein Qasida Nigari. Lahore: Majlis-e-Taraqqi-e-Adab, 2001.

Turkish-English Dictionary. Istanbul: Redhouse Press, 1999.